Showing posts with label vitamin b12. Show all posts
Showing posts with label vitamin b12. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 11, 2011

Learn more about vitamin B 12

Users of vitamins should know that vitamin b12 is a water soluble vitamin which helps in the functioning of the brain and nervous system along with the formation of blood. One should have the information that it is the eight b vitamins. Vitamin b 12 plays an important role in the metabolism of each cell of the body especially affects the dna synthesis and regulation along with fatty acid synthesis and energy production. So users of vitamin b12 should know that it belongs to the chemically-related compounds carrying vitamin activity. If we see then vitamin b12 have very complex structure acting as complicated vitamin and biochemically carrying the rare element cobalt. In the human body vitamin b 12 is converted into physiological forms , methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin, releasing the cyanide, albeit in less concentration and many more things. The other forms of vitamin b 12 such as hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin, and adenosylcobalamin are available in the form of pharmacological products and food supplements which are very expensive in the market.

Vitamin b 12 is also known as cyanocobalamin which reflects many forms of vitamin. According to the medical practioner it can be divided into two parts . If someone wants to understand vitamin b12 in a broader way then should understand that it belongs to a group of cobalt-containing vitamer compounds called as cobalamins which includes cyanocobalamin , hydroxocobalamin ,Methylmalonyl Coenzyme A mutase, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase etc. Vitamin B12 means collection of cobalt and corrin ring molecules which helps in the specific vitamin functioning in the body. One should know the fact that vitamin b 12 cannot be obtained from plants and animals. Only bacteria which contains enzymes can do its synthesis processing for producing it .

One should understand the concept that vitamin B12 is the most chemically complex among all the vitamins. And the format of vitamin b 12 depends on the corrin ring which is alike to the porphyrin ring present in the heme, chlorophyll, and cytochrome. And in the central metal ion is known as cobalt.so the users of vitamin b 12 should know the pros and cons of it before opting it as a usage in one's life. The vitamin b 12 is the most important part of the human system and people should intake those things in one's diet so that body can absorb vitamin b 12 needed for body functioning. People can use vitamin b 12 in varied forms by collecting knowledge from booklets or through online providers.


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Article Source: http://www.articledashboard.com/Article/Learn-more-about-vitamin-B-12/1207887

Monday, January 10, 2011

The Side Effects Of Vitamin B12

The Side Effects Of Vitamin B12
By Maria Treadaway

This article discusses vitamin B12 and most of the reported side effects of taking B12. It also outlines some of the medical conditions that taking B12 may exacerbate.

Background

Vitamin B12 is a water-soluable vitamin needed for normal cell activity. It is a part of a group of cobalt containing B complex vitamins, which are also known as cobalamins. Like other B vitamins, vitamin B12is important for metabolism. It also helps in the formation of red blood cells and in maintaining the central nervous system. It is found in most foods which come from animal products including liver, fish, shell fish, meat and dairy products.

Side Effects

The good news is that vitamin B 12 is usually non-toxic, even when taken in large doses. However, people have experienced some adverse effects, even though these side effects are quite rare. Generally, when vitamin B12 supplements are taken orally then there is little chance of side effects occurring. Some people choose to take vitamin B12 administered with an injection. This type of ingestion as been associated with the following side effects:
  • mild diarrhoea
  • anxiety and panic attacks
  • heart palpitations
  • insomnia
  • breathing problems
  • chest pain
  • skin rash, hives or itchy swollen skin
Some health professionals believe that patients develop these reactions not because of the B12, but because of the preservatives that are part of the injection formula. Currently, most injections contain preservatives. To be on the safe side, it is probably better to take B12 orally.

Medical Conditions

Other side effects may be experienced by people who have an allergy or a sensitive to cobalamin and cobalt. If this is the case, then it is advisable to avoid vitamin B12 supplementation altogether and instead seek to eat the foods that contain naturally occurring B12. In addition B12 should be avoided by people suffering from Leber's disease, a hereditary disease in which the optic nerve wastes away. Ingesting vitamin B12 can actually speed up the atrophy of the optic nerve resulting in rapid loss of central vision.

There is also evidence to suggest that patients who have undergone heart surgery and received coronary stents may have an increased risk of the artery narrowing again when they take vitamin B12. A small risk, but one to bear in mind.

On a positive note, pregnant and breastfeeding women can take vitamin B12 quite confidently when it is taken orally in amounts not exceeding the recommended daily allowance (2.6 mcg/day if pregnant and 2.8 mcg/day if breastfeeding)

As can be seen, vitamin B12 is a relatively safe vitamin with very few adverse side effects even when taken in large doses. More problems than not arise from B12 deficiency than they do from ingestion of the vitamin itself.

Click on the link for more information on a huge array of vitamin related topics.

Article Source:  The Side Effects Of Vitamin B12

Vitamin B12 Sources, Functions and Deficiencies

Vitamin B12 is known as cobalamin as well, because of its cobalt content. Vitamin B12 aids in maintaining healthy nerve cells and red blood cells. It is an integral element in DNA formation. It functions with the binding of protein in food. During the digestion process, hydrochloric acid in the stomach discharges vitamin B12 from protein contents found in food. As soon as it is released, it binds with intrinsic factor (IF). Later intestinal tract absorbs this combination.

Vitamin B12 Sources

Vitamin B12 is a naturally derived substance. Fish, meat, poultry, eggs, milk and dairy products are the wise selection of vitamin B12 sources. Another great source of vitamin B12 is fortified breakfast cereals. This is a perfect choice for vegetarians to satisfy their vitamin B12 needs. Apart from that mixed spices prepared from mollusks and clam can be considered as one of significant vitamin B12 sources. Liver, beef, Trout, Salmon, Yogurt, Haddock, Clams, Tuna, Pork, and Chicken are the great sources of vitamin B12.

The requirement for vitamin B12 in a healthy adult is 2.4μg per day.

Vitamin B12 Functions

Essentially, vitamin B12 functions in various ways. The most important among all vitamin B12 functions is identified with the assistance in the neurotransmitter production. Neurotransmitter is an important element that regulates almost every function in our body and mind. Fat, protein and carbohydrate metabolism are also significant vitamin B12 functions. It helps in appropriate DNA replication process. It plays a significant role as a catalyst during hemoglobin synthesis. If you lack vitamin B12 in your daily diet, you may become anemic. It helps in red blood cells production. It helps in converting from homocysteine to methionine. This conversion is crucial in minimizing the risk of cardiac arrest.

Vitamin B12 Deficiencies

Typically vitamin B12 deficienciesmay occur due to two reasons one is inability to absorb vitamin B12 from food substances and the second reason is an inability to consume foods rich in vitamin B12. The later situation mainly occurs in the case of strict vegetarians. They suffer from vitamin B12 deficiencies mainly due to the fact that they do not consume any foods coming from animals.
The common symptoms associated with vitamin B12 deficiencies may include constipation, memory loss, difficulty in walking or moving, megaloblastic anemia, mood disorder, numbness, sore tongue, disorientation, damage in the myelin sheath and dementia.

Pregnant women or lactating women need extra supply of vitamin B12, like any other essential nutrients. It passes to the placenta during pregnancy. Brest-fed infants receive their nutrients from their mother. Therefore a lack of nutrients may cause serious harm to their health. The women on vegan diet may lack the sufficient supply of vitamin B12. So the crisis may result within months of birth. If not taken into serious consideration, it may cause severe neurological damage in time.

Apart from that, individuals suffering from megaloblastic anemia or gastrointestinal disorder may receive benefits from vitamin B12 supplements. Few medications suggested for chronic problem may decrease the natural absorption of vitamin B12 in the body, in such cases additional supplements of vitamin B12 seem to be necessary.

As vitamin B12 supplements are essentially dependent on animal products, so we must understand that a strict vegetarian diet may lead to vitamin B12 deficiencies. In such cases, fortified cereals must be taken under consideration to fulfill the requirement of vitamin B12.

Potential Health Risk

There is no established UL so far for vitamin B12 because of its low potential for toxicity. Till date, no such reports have been submitted in claim of adverse effects resulting from the usage of vitamin B12. However, medical studies conducted by Institute of Medicine say that individuals older than 50 years should depend on fortified foods to avoid possible vitamin B12 deficiencies. It is mainly because of the impaired absorption pattern for vitamin B12 coming from animal products, mostly prevalent at older ages.
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/supplements-and-vitamins-articles/vitamin-b12-sources-functions-and-deficiencies-282957.html
About the Author

Dr John Anne is an herbal specialist with years of experience and extensive research on herbs and alternative health. Visit Vitamin B12 Deficiency at Vitamins and Minerals. Also read about Curcumin Benefits for complete information on Curcumin

Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms

Your body requires very little vitamin b12 or cobalamin and most of us get sufficient quantities of it in our normal meals to satisfy our daily requirements. Although it's rare to see vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms it can still be useful to be able to recognize them just in case.
You're most vulnerable to vitamin b12 deficiency if you've vegan and don't use the available dietary supplements containing vitamin b12. Infants breast-feeding from vegan mothers can also be at risk. Vitamin b12 supplements are generally regarded as safe because there are few known adverse effects of overdose.

The main symptom that arises from vitamin b12 deficiency is a type of anemia that causes you to feel tired, weak and lethargic. You might also feel nauseous, constipated and become very flatulent (gas). You may also lose your appetite and suffer weight loss.

More severe cases can give vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms, which include:
  • Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
  • Insomnia
  • Loss of memory
  • Dizziness
  • Lack of balance
  • Depression
  • Digestive problems
  • Dizziness
  • Liver enlargement
  • Eye problems
  • Headaches
  • Hallucinations
  • Inflamed tongue
  • Breathing difficulties
  • Loss of memory
  • Palpitations
  • Neurological damage
  • Tinitus or ringing in the ears
Vitamin b12 is commonly found in animal products like eggs, dairy, fish, meat and animal organs. B12 is rarely found in vegetables, which is why vegetarians and especially vegans who don't eat dairy products or meat, are especially at risk. If you fall into this category then you should consider using vitamin supplements containing b12.

It's also important to realize that the operation of vitamin b12 is dependent on sufficient quantities of other vitamins being present in your body so you should take care to get a balanced diet to avoid vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms.

Summary:
Your body requires very little vitamin b12 or cobalamin and most of us get sufficient quantities of it in our normal meals to satisfy our daily requirements. Although it's rare to see vitamin b12 deficiency symptoms it can still be useful to be able to recognize them just in case.

Free up to date information on vitamin deficiencies and symptoms: Vitamin deficiency
Article Source:  Vitamin B12 Deficiency Symptoms

Vitamin B12 to Counteract Cyanide Toxicity

Cyanide exposure not occurs not only from intentional poisoning. Cyanide (hydrogen cyanide) and cyanide-containing chemicals are used in mining, in acrylic nail removal and sometimes in fumigation. Most people have heard that apple pits contain cyanide. This is true, although the amount is very small. The cyanide is bound to a sugar called amygdalin. The apple pit has to be broken or crushed to release the amygdalin into the body.

You'd have to eat hundreds of apple pits in a sitting to experience ill effects from cyanide poisoning. The kernels of peach and apricot pits have the same chemical, but if you swallowed a whole peach pit, it would just pass through you intact. Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a root eaten as a staple food in many African, Asian and Caribbean countries has some varieties that contain relatively large amounts of cyanide, bound to another glycoside called linamarin. The cyanide is released from the linamarin during the preparation of the roots. Usually washing and sieving the grated roots several times and exposing them to the air allows the hydrogen cyanide gas to be washed away with the water and to evaporate. Nevertheless, low-grade cyanide poisoning from cassava is relatively common in countries where it is a staple food, causing tingling of the mouth, headaches and goiters. More severe cases include disorientation, paralysis and even death.

The greatest risk for cyanide poisoning in the United States comes from smoke inhalation. Many common household materials like wool, paper and plastics produce hydrogen cyanide when burned under low-oxygen conditions. Smoke inhalation thus presents a greater threat than actual burning in a fire, and hydrogen cyanide toxicity through smoke inhalation is a common occupational hazard for firefighters.

How does vitamin B12 (cobalamin) help remove the hydrogen cyanide from the body? Chemically, cobalamin is attracted to cyanide. Vitamin B12 in the form of hydroxycobalamin is administered through injection to get it into the body as fast as possible. In the body the cyanide ion is exchanged with the hydroxyl group of hydroxycobalamin, producing cyanocobalamin. The cyanocobalamin can now be safely flushed from the body. Many commercial vitamin B12 supplements actually contain cyanocobalamin. This raises the question of the toxicity of cyanocobalamin. In the quantities taken for regular supplementation is it usually not toxic. Exceptions are heavy smokers who already have chronic cyanide toxicity from cigarette smoke, and sufferers of Leber's hereditary optical neuropathy. If you want to completely avoid any amounts of cyanide, use supplements containing hydroxycobalamin or methylcobalamin. Vitamin B12 is very nontoxic. The hydroxycobalamin dose administered at the scene to smoke inhalation victims is 5 grams for an adult. That is about 2 million times the daily dose needed for an adult (2.4 micrograms).

Of course, this is emergency medicine, you would not take these huge amounts at home. A typical vitamin B12 supplement taken for vitamin B12 deficiency contains from 1000-5000 micrograms, in the range of one thousandth of the detoxification dose for smoke inhalation. Rather than through injections, these supplements for at-home use are usually in oral capsule, liquid or sublingual form. The same chemical principles should also work to flush out lower concentrations of cyanide, such as those accumulated by chronic exposure to cigarette smoke, the consumption of traces of cyanide with cassava, or even by life in industrialized countries.

http://www.informalscientist.com/

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=Mark_Neilsson

Vitamin B12 and Weight Loss

Cobalamin or as it is better known, is one of the vital nutrients our bodies need in order to work properly. It is necessary to perform many of the body's more important tasks, including the making of DNA during cell division and the healthy formation of red blood cells.

B12 is known as the "energy vitamin" because it gives a real energy boost. It is used to remedy fatigue and it speeds up the metabolism. Red blood cells are also responsible for producing hemoglobin, the part of the blood that takes oxygen from the lungs and transports it to all the different parts of the body.

It has many functions and uses but does it help people lose weight?

What is the link between Vitamin B12 and weight loss?

Vitamin B12 Injections and Weight Loss

Some people might go to a clinic to get shots. These shots are administered directly into the muscle, allowing for better absorption. People who get these shots mainly suffer from chronic fatigue syndrome or a deficiency. They might also claim that taking these shots help them to lose weight.

However, injections by themselves do not directly induce weight loss, nor are they intended to. So why do people who get them lose weight?

There are many factors to take into consideration.

B12 causes the metabolism to speed up, which in turn increases weight loss. People who go to get injections tend to be more conscious of their health and are already on a vegetarian, or other weight loss diet.

Shots give a tremendous boost of energy. This generally helps people to maintain their diets, and motivates them to exercise and increase physical activity. Vitamin B12 also helps to fight stress and depression, symptoms which are sometimes associated with weight gain.

While the shots can be a great benefit to some, particularly those with a B12 deficiency, there can be some negative side effects when taken excessively or along with certain other substances. There is also a risk for those who have certain pre-existing conditions. It's important to consult a physician before undergoing injections.

Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Deficiencies can become a serious health threat. The body can normally stock up many years supply of vitamin B12, so it more often materializes when the body is unable to properly absorb vitamin B12 because of illness or old age. Incidentally, deficiencies can cause weight loss, among other symptoms. Extreme cases can even result in permanent nerve damage if left untreated.

A person diagnosed with a B12 deficiency will need to take supplements. These are most often taken as capsules or via intramuscular injections. Although vitamin B12 does not directly cause weight loss, it is still an essential nutrient that is needed by the body. It is important to get a sufficient amount of it and doing so will ensure better health, all around.

Vitamin B12 and Dieting

When undergoing any new weight loss program it is important to make sure that the diet is well balanced and contains all of the essential nutrients. This of course includes vitamin B12 and other essential nutrients.

Food sources rich in B12

Meat, Poultry, Milk and other dairy products, Eggs, and Fish

Since the only reliable source of vitamin B12 are from animals those practicing a vegetarian or vegan diet will have to get theirs from supplements. If a person doesn't get enough they may develop a deficiency.

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Article Source: Vitamin B12 and Weight Loss

Elderly Care and Vitamin B12 Deficiencies

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin is the most complex of B vitamins, and required for DNA synthesis, RBC's (red blood cells) and many other bodily tissues. A vitamin B12 deficiency is not uncommon in the elderly population (an estimated 5%-20% of the elderly are B12 deficient). This deficiency is gradual, taking a few years to develop and directly affects gastrointestinal, neurologic, and hematologic systems. The common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency is poor food absorption (or food malabsorption) which is responsible for the cause of approximately 70% of these cases. An actual dietary deficiency of B12 is very rare because many foods are fortified and supplements are readily available.
Elderly Care and B12: A Brief Overview of Vitamin B

As mentioned, vitamin B12 is required for DNA synthesis in many tissues, primarily red blood cells. Vitamin B12 deficiency rarely occurs due to dietary reasons, but rather from inadequate B12 absorption, in some cases a very strict vegetarian diet, limited food intake, alcohol abuse, or general malnutrition. Vitamin B12 deficiency has also been attributed to surgery or other diseases, particularly Crohn's. It should be noted that drugs can also interfere with absorption as well. This vitamin is derived from meat, dairy, and other animal products, though very little is actually needed the body stores B12 in the liver and can store supplies for up to ten years.

Elderly Care: The Dangers of Limited B12 Intake and Absorption

Red blood cells formed when the body is deficient in B12 are abnormal and an individual is more likely to become anemic. Signs and symptoms your loved one may be suffering from a lack of B12 include fatigue, listlessness, pallor, and a lack of energy. In worst cases, there are irreversible neurologic consequences, parenthesis of extremities (particularly lower extremities). If you're providing elderly care for a loved one, family member, or parent, be aware of the following signs of a B12 deficiency.

Providing Elderly Care: Signs and Symptoms of a Vitamin B12 Deficient Diet:

* Has your loved one lost his/her appetite?
* Do they frequently suffer from fatigue, weakness, or shortness of breath?
* Have they complained about a sore mouth/tongue?
* Do they often experience numbness or tingling in the hands or feet?
* Do they appear pale?

These symptoms may not always be present and tend to subside when B12 is replaced-but can resume periodically. In worst cases, severe deprivation of B12 results in death due to anemia or heart failure.

Vitamin B12 can cause a change of mental state in very advanced cases, and is often confused with dementia.However, deficiencies of B12 and folic acid may contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's or other similar dementias.

B12 rich foods include eggs, cheese, meats such as lamb and beef, shellfish and seafood (crab and lobster), fish, and liver. B12 is found in most animal products and vitamin supplements are largely available.

Elderly care services, provided by experienced caregivers are available 24 hours a day for elderly individuals to remain in their own home and improve the quality of their lives. Elderly care services provide aging loved ones with meal preparation and diet monitoring services to ensure health and well being.

Erica Ronchetti is a freelance writer for Visiting Angels, the nation's leading, network of non-medical, private duty home care agencies providing senior care, Assisted Living facilites, personal care, respite care and companion care to help the elderly and adults continue to live in their homes across America. Visit the Visiting Angels website to find out more information on elderly care programs.

Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/?expert=E._Ronchetti